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1.
Acta cir. bras ; 28(5): 385-390, May 2013.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-674160

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of sustained deep inspiration in the prevention of postoperative pulmonary complications, the hormonal and immunological responses in patients submitted to abdominal surgery. METHODS: This randomized clinical trial study included 75 patients submitted to abdominal surgery, of which 36 were randomly allocated in the experimental group and underwent sustained deep inspiration during five seconds, in three sets of ten repetitions per day. The others 39 patients were allocated in the control group and were not submitted to any breathing exercise. The following parameters were measured preoperatively, 24h and 48h postoperatively: chest x-ray, serum ACTH, cortisol, IL-4, IL-10, TNF-α, forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV1), forced expiratory flow 25-75% (FEF 25-75), forced vital capacity (FVC), paO2 and paCO2. RESULTS: Mean serum cortisol in patients of the experimental and control groups before surgery were 12.8 mcg/dl (4.6-50) and 10.48 mcg/dl (1-29.1), respectively (p=0.414). The experimental group had significantly increase in serum cortisol levels, 23.6 mcg/dl (9.3-45.8), especially 24h postoperatively (p=0.049). CONCLUSION: Sustained deep inspiration in patients submitted to abdominal surgery determined important changes in serum cortisol, however, without significantly influence the postoperative pulmonary complications and the endocrine and immune responses.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Abdomen/surgery , Breathing Exercises , Postoperative Complications/prevention & control , Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/blood , Cytokines/blood , Hydrocortisone/blood , Inhalation/physiology , Postoperative Complications/immunology , Spirometry , Statistics, Nonparametric , Treatment Outcome , Vital Capacity
2.
Fisioter. pesqui ; 19(1): 63-67, jan.-mar. 2012. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-623249

ABSTRACT

Um programa de treinamento muscular respiratório (TMR) para pacientes tabagistas no pré-operatório ambulatorial pode melhorar a força muscular e a capacidade funcional respiratória, evitando complicações que aumentem a permanência do paciente no hospital. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia do treinamento muscular inspiratório (TMI) em pacientes tabagistas e não tabagistas que seriam submetidos à cirurgia do megaesôfago. Foram estudados 17 pessoas, divididas em dois grupos: o tabagista (GT), composto por 10 pacientes (58,82%), e o não tabagista (GNT), com 7 pacientes (41,18%). A análise dos dados relacionando os dois foi expressa da seguinte forma: os valores de idade e as medidas antropométricas foram comparadas pelo teste t de Student e os valores da pressão inspiratória máxima (PImáx) e da pressão expiratória máxima (PEmáx) pelo teste t de Student pareado. Os dados foram expressos em média±desvio-padrão quando verificada a normalidade. Consideraram-se diferenças estatisticamente significativas se p<0,05. Na análise comparativa, observou-se aumento significativo da PImáx após as 4 semanas do TMI, como se segue: PImáx no GT de -57,20±18,76 para -79,00±15,38 e no GNT de -52,00±18,76 para -72,66±19,33. A fisioterapia profilática no pré-operatório ambulatorial proporcionou aumento significativo na força dos músculos inspiratórios em ambos os grupos, evidenciada pelo acréscimo na PImáx com consequente melhora da capacidade ventilatória.


A program of muscular respiratory training to smoker patients in pre-operatory ambulatory can improve the muscle strength and the functional respiratory capacity, avoiding complications which increase the hospitalization period of the patient. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness of the inspiratory muscle training in smoker and non-smoker patients who would be submitted to a megaesophagus surgery. Seventeen patients were studied, divided into two groups: smoker (GT), composed of 10 patients (58.82%), and the non-smoker (GNT), with 7 patients (41.18%). Data analysis comparing the two groups was expressed as follows: the values of age and anthropometric measurements were compared by Student's t-test and the values of Maximal Inspiratory Pressure (MIP) and Maximal Expiratory Pressure (MEP) were compared by the paired Student's t-test. Data were expressed as mean±standard deviation when checked to normal. Differences were considered statistically significant if p<0.05. Level of significance adopted was p=0.05. Considering the comparative analysis, it was observed a significant increase of Maximal Inspiratory Pressure MIP after the 4 weeks of inspiratory muscle training (IMT), as follows: MIP in GT from -57.20±18.76 to -79.00±15.38 and in GNT from -52.00±18.76 to -72.66±19.33. The prophylactic therapy in the preoperative outpatient provides a significant increase in inspiratory muscle strength in both groups, as evidenced by the increase in MIP with consequent improvement in ventilatory capacity.

3.
Rev. bras. ter. intensiva ; 20(2): 184-189, abr.-jun. 2008. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-487201

ABSTRACT

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC) é definida como uma síndrome caracterizada por obstrução crônica ao fluxo aéreo, geralmente progressiva, podendo ser acompanhada por hiper-responsividade brônquica e ser parcialmente reversível. A ventilação mecânica não-invasiva é uma alternativa de tratamento para pacientes com exacerbação da DPOC. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar os benefícios e as complicações da ventilação mecânica não-invasiva em pacientes com exacerbação aguda da doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica. CONTEÚDO: Realizou-se revisão de literatura científica nacional e internacional conforme os critérios estabelecidos para a pesquisa documental nas bases de dados MedLine, LILACS, SciElo, PubMed, Cochrane, com os unitermos: doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica, ventilação mecânica não-invasiva. Os critérios de inclusão foram artigos publicados no período de 1995-2007; nas linguagens inglesa, espanhola e portuguesa; estudos em modelo humano e sem restrição de sexo. CONCLUSÕES: A ventilação mecânica não-invasiva pode diminuir a pressão parcial de dióxido de carbono, melhorar a troca gasosa, aliviar sintomas como dispnéia ocasionada pela fadiga da musculatura respiratória, reduzir as internações hospitalares, a necessidade de intubação, o número de complicações, o tempo de internação e a mortalidade hospitalar. As principais complicações encontradas foram: eritema facial, claustrofobia, congestão nasal, dor facial, irritação nos olhos, pneumonia aspirativa, hipotensão, pneumotórax, aerofagia, hipercapnia, distensão abdominal, vômitos, broncoaspiração, dor de cabeça matinal, lesões compressivas de face, embolia gasosa e não adaptação do paciente. A ventilação mecânica não-invasiva pode ser mais efetiva em pacientes com moderada a grave exacerbação da DPOC e as complicações podem ser diminuídas pela utilização de adequada interface e experiência do fisioterapeuta.


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is defined as a syndrome characterized by usually progressive chronic airflow limitation which is associated to a bronchial hyperresponsiveness and is partially reversible. Noninvasive mechanical ventilation is an alternative treatment for patients with COPD exacerbations. The objective of the literature reviews was to verify noninvasive mechanical ventilation benefits and complications in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in patients. CONTENTS: This national and international's scientific literature review was developed according to criteria established for documentary research in the MedLine, LILACS, SciElo, PubMed and Cochrane, databases using the key words: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and noninvasive mechanical ventilation. Inclusion criteria were articles published from 1995 to 2007; in English, Spanish and Portuguese; studies in the human model and with no gender restriction. CONCLUSIONS: Noninvasive mechanical ventilation can reduce partial pressure of carbon dioxide, improve gas exchange, alleviate symptoms as dyspnea caused by fatigue of the respiratory muscles, reduce duration of hospitalization, decrease need for invasive mechanical ventilation, reduce number of complications and also lessen hospital mortality. The main complications found were: facial skin erythema, claustrophobia, nasal congestion, face pain, eye irritation, aspiration pneumonia, hypotension, pneumothorax, aerophagia, hypercapnia, gastric insufflation, vomit, bronchoaspiration, morning headaches, face injuries, air embolism and, last but not least, discomfort of the patient. Noninvasive mechanical ventilation can be more effective in patients with moderate-severe exacerbations of COPD and these complications can be minimized by an adequate interface also by the contribution of the physiotherapist experience.


Subject(s)
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/therapy , Respiration, Artificial/adverse effects
4.
Rev. bras. ter. intensiva ; 20(2): 210-212, abr.-jun. 2008. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-487205

ABSTRACT

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A pneumonia por Pneumocystis jirovecii tem sido uma das doenças mais comuns e uma complicação infecciosa fatal em pacientes com síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida. O objetivo deste estudo foi apresentar uma paciente com provável diagnóstico de pneumonia por Pneumocystis jirovecii que recebeu ventilação não-invasiva com pressão positiva. RELATO DO CASO: Paciente do sexo feminino, 25 anos, com diagnóstico provável de pneumonia por Pneumocystis jirovecii grave, recebeu ventilação mecânica não-invasiva com pressão positiva. CONCLUSÕES: Todos os parâmetros melhoraram progressivamente nos primeiros cinco dias. Os resultados sugeriram a eficácia desta medida para otimizar a oxigenação, reverter a hipoxemia e prevenir a intubação traqueal.


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia has been one of the most common diseases and life-threatening infectious complications in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients. The objective of the case report was to present a patient with probable diagnosis of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia who received noninvasive positive pressure ventilation. CASE REPORT: A female patient, 25 years old, with probable diagnosis of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia received noninvasive positive pressure ventilation. CONCLUSIONS: All respiratory parameters progressively improved in the first five days. Results suggest the efficacy of this support to improve oxygenation, to revert hypoxemia and to prevent orotracheal intubation.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated/diagnosis , Pneumonia, Pneumocystis/diagnosis , Respiration, Artificial/methods , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications
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